1-1 對立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然後提出自己的看法或者偏向於某壹看法,
適用於有爭議性的主題.
例如(e.g)
[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.
當被問及····，大多數人認為|說·····但是我有點不這麼認為。
[2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielive that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)
當它涉及·····壹些人相信·····其他人主張相反的觀點。在這些觀點裏，有可能有壹部分是真的，但是我傾向於前者或後者····
[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....
現在，大家普遍認為·····他們主張·····但是我懷疑····是否······
1-2 現象法 引出要剖析的現象或者問題, 然後評論 .
e.g
[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.
最近，·····問題（現象）的逐漸嚴重已經引起廣泛的關註。
[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention)
大意同上
[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.
通貨膨脹|腐敗|社會不平等·····是另外壹個新的令人感到苦澀的我們不得不學會去面對的壹個事實。
1-3 觀點法 ----開門見山,直接了當地提出自己對要討論的問題的看法.
e.g:
[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/popular than...
[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...
現在，越來越多人開始認為（意識到）·····
[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation to the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......
大意同上
[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......
也許，是時侯對······觀點擁有新的認識。
1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 來引出文章要展開論述的觀點!
e.g:
[1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people .
“知識就是力量”這句是培根的名言。這句名言已經被廣泛的接受。
"Education is not complete with gradulation." Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.
“教育不是完成於畢業”這句是美國壹位著名的哲學家所說的。越來越多的人接受這句話。
[2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this .
“······”我們經常聽到這樣的話。
In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......".
在我們的日常生活中，我們習慣於聽到如此傳統得解釋“·······”。
[3]As the saying goes that"````````"
正如某句名言說的“······”
1-5 比較法 ------ 通過對過去,現在 兩種不同的傾向,觀點的比較 , 引出文章要討論的觀點.
e.g:
[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .
[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new.
人們過去常常認為·····但是現在人們持這個觀點。
1-6 故事法 ---- 先講壹個較短的故事來引發讀者的興趣, 引出文章的主題.
e.g:
[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenemenon of ... has aroused public concern.
這個現象激發人們的公***意識。
[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.
如此進退兩難的局面是我們日常生活中經常面對的。
[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.
很久以前，·······也許這個故事令人難以置信，但它仍有重大的現實意義
1-8 問題法 ----- 先用討論或解答的設問, 引出自己觀點, 適用於有爭議性的話題.
e.g:
Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...
But in my opinion , ...... .
Chapter 2 文章中間主體內容句型
原因結果分析
2-1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物時, 用此句型說明其基本的或者多方面的原因.
e.g:
[1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ... 為什麽·····？第壹·····第二·····
[2]. The answer to this problem involes many factors. For one thing... For another...... Still another ...
這個問題的答案涉及到許多因素。第壹·····第二·····另外·······
[3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect .... /both individual and social contribute to ....
許多因素，包括物質上的和精神上的·····個人原因都能導致·····
2-2 另壹原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之後, 再補充壹個次要的或者更重要時用!
e.g:
[1]. Another important factor is ....
[2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem.
[3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for .....當然，······不是·····的唯壹因素
2-3 後果影響 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的後果或者帶來的影響 .
e.g:
[1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....
[2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........
Chapter 3 文章結尾形式
3-1 結論性--------- 通過對文章前面的討論 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及觀點 .
e.g:
[1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that .....
從以上所討論的，我們確實可以得出·····的結論。
[2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .......
3-2 後果性------ 揭示所討論的問題若不解決, 將產生的嚴重後果.
e.g:
[1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .......
我們必須提出壹個緊急方案，因為當前的····現象，如果被允許進行，將理所當然的導致·····的重大代價\花費
[2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger.
明顯的，如果我們對這個問題視而不見，····將有更大的可能被置於危險之中。
3-3 號召性 -------- 呼籲讀者行動起來, 采取行動或提請註意.
e.g:
[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of ......
是我們促使將不好的趨勢結束的時候。
[2]. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.
有效的措施被用來改變這傾向是必須的。
3-4 建議性 -------- 對所討論的問題提出建議性的意見, 包括建議和具體的解決問題的方法.
e.g:
[1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is .....
[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.
對這問題的察覺\認識是面對這種情況的第壹步。
3-5 方向性的結尾方式 ---- 其與建議性的唯壹差別就是對問題解決提出總的, 大體的方向或者指明前景.
e.g:
[1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .
make some sense：有意義，講得通，有道理
[2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/benefical.
[3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........
3-6 意義性的結尾方式 --------> 文章結尾的時候,從更高的更新的角度指出所討論的問題的重要性以及其深遠的意義!
e.g:
[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit .....but also benefit .....
[2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ..
壹)比較
1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
6.Like anything else, it has its faults.
7.A and B has several points in common.
8.A bears some resemblances to B.
9.However, the same is not applicable to B.
10. A and B differ in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
二)原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...
5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...
6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...
7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...
One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...
Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...
Perhaps the primary factor is that …
But the fundamental cause is that ...
三)後果
1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
2. The immediate result it produces is ...
3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...
4. Its consequence can be so great that...
四)批駁
1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...
五)舉例
1) A good case in point is ...
2) As an illustration, we may take ...
3) Such examples might be given easily.
4) ...is often cited as an example.
六)證明
1) No one can deny the fact that ...
2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
4) Recent studies indicate that ...
5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
七)開篇
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...
6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.
7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...
8) According to a recent survey, ...
9) With the rapid development of ..., ...
八)結尾
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...
3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...
5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.
6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...
7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ...
10) Taking all these into account, we ...
11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...
1)With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up
2)When it comes to...，some people think ／believe……that...，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true.There is probably……some truth in both arguments／statements，but...當說到……，有些人認為……，但另壹些人則持相反的觀點……。這兩種觀點可能都有點道理，但……。