1)壹般情況加s.
eg: map-maps bag-bags car-cars
2)以s,sh,ch,x等結尾的詞加es.
eg:bus-buses watch-watches
3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等結尾的詞加s
eg: license-licenses
4)以輔音字母+y 結尾的詞變y 為i再加es
eg: baby---babies
二、名詞復數的不規則變化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
註意:與 man 和 woman構成的合成詞,其復數形式也是 -men 和-women。
2)單復同形
eg: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin
但除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3)集體名詞,以單數形式出現,但實為復數。
eg: people police cattle 等本身就是復數,不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說
a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國民總稱時,作復數用。
eg: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。
4)以s結尾,仍為單數的名詞,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等學科名詞,為不可數名詞,是單數。
b. news 是不可數名詞。
c. the United States,the United Nations 應視為單數。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯合國是1945年組建起來的。
d. 以復數形式出現的書名,劇名,報紙,雜誌名,也可視為單數。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<壹千零壹夜>>是壹本非常有趣的故事書。
5) 表示由兩部分構成的東西,如:glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes
若表達具體數目,要借助數量詞 pair(對,雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
6)另外還有壹些名詞,其復數形式有時可表示特別意思,如:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚
三、
1)當there be 句型的主語是壹系列事物時,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持壹致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2)當either… or… 與neither… nor, 連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持壹致。 如果句子是由here, there引導,而主語又不止壹個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語壹致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
3)當主語後面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語壹致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.
四、謂語需用單數
1) 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構成的復合代詞作主語,或主語中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
There is something wrong with my watch.
2) 當主語是壹本書或壹條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
<<天方夜譚>>是英語愛好者熟悉的壹本好書。
3) 表示金錢,時間,價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語 時,通常把這些名詞看作壹個整體,謂語壹般用單數。(用復數也可,意思不變。)
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten yuan is enough.
看完這些應該明了了吧!