弗裏德裏希?威廉?尼采(1844年10月15日-1900年8月25日),19世紀德國哲學家、詩人、作曲家和文字學家,他的著作對於宗教、道德、現代文化、哲學以及科學等領域提出了廣泛的批判和討論。他的寫作風格獨特,經常使用暗喻、反語和格言的技巧。尼采對於後代哲學的發展影響極大,尤其是在存在主義、虛無主義和後現代主義上。
Nietzsche began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. At the age of 24 he was appointed to the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel (the youngest individual to have held this position), but resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life. In 1889 he became mentally ill, possibly due to atypical general paralysis attributed to tertiary syphilis. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897, then under the care of his sister until his death in 1900.
在開始研究哲學前,尼采是壹名文字學家。24歲時尼采成為了巴塞爾大學的古典哲學教授(是有史以來該職位上最年輕的人),但在1879年由於健康問題而辭職,之後壹直飽受精神疾病煎熬。1889年尼采精神崩潰,這可能由三期梅毒引起的非典型全身麻痹癥所致,從此再也沒有恢復,在母親(1897年去世)和妹妹的照料下壹直活到1900年去世。