賓語從句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展風采.
展風采有三關,引導詞、語序、時態在把關.
主從時態要壹致,陳述語序永不變.
陳述請妳選that,疑問需用if/whether連.
特殊問句作賓從,原來問詞不用換.
三關過後莫得意,人稱、標點需註意.
留意變臉的if/when,從句的簡化記心間.
[歌訣解碼]
壹、三姊妹
賓語從句根據引導詞的不同可分為三種類型：
1. 由that引導的賓語從句.如：
We knew （that）we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引導的賓語從句.如：
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who,where,how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句.如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?
二、三關
1. 引導詞關
如果從句是陳述句,引導詞用that（that在口語或非正式文體中常省略）；如果從句是壹般疑問句,引導詞用if/whether；如果從句是特殊疑問句,引導詞用由疑問詞轉換而來的疑問代詞/副詞.
2. 語序關
①陳述句變為賓語從句,語序不變,即仍用陳述語序.如：
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.
②壹般疑問句和特殊疑問句變為賓語從句,語序變為陳述語序.如：
Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 時態關
①如果主句是現在的時態,從句的時態可根據實際情況而定.如：
I have heard（that）he will come back next week.
②如果主句是過去的某種時態,那麽從句的時態壹定要用過去的某種時態.如：
He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.
註意：如果賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現象等時,不管主句是什麽時態,從句都要用壹般現在時.如：
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人稱的變化和標點的使用
1. 從句的主語如果是第壹人稱,變為賓語從句則與主句的主語壹致；如果是第二人稱,則與主句的賓語壹致；如果是第三人稱,不用變化.如：
“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 賓語從句的標點均由主句決定.主句是陳述句,用句號；主句是疑問句,用問號.如：
Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?
四、兩副面孔
if和when既能引導時間狀語從句,又能引導賓語從句.因此,遇到它們就要認真分析壹下,它們究竟屬於“兩副面孔”的哪壹副.如：
If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.（時間狀語從句）
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （賓語從句）
五、從句的簡化
1. 當主句謂語動詞是find,see,watch,hear等感官動詞時,從句常簡化為“賓語＋賓補”結構,賓補為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式.如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 當主句謂語動詞是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主語與從句主語相同時,從句可簡化為不定式結構.如：
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導的賓語從句中,當從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語壹致時,賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結構.如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?
“當主句謂語動詞是find,see,watch,hear等感官動詞時,從句常簡化為“賓語＋賓補”結構,賓補為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式.如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.”
補充：
賓語從句就是壹個句子在復合句中作動詞或介詞的賓語,在主句與從句之間有壹個引導詞,其結構為“主語+謂語動詞+引導詞+主語+謂語+其 它”.
主句 賓語從句
焦點壹：賓語從句的引導詞
1. 賓語從句具有陳述意義時用that引導.that無具體意思,不作任何成分,因此在口語或非正式文體中常常被省略.如：
She said (that) she would leave the book on his desk. 她說她會把那本書放在他的桌子上.
● 從句的主語是that時,that不能省略；主從句之間有插入語時,that不能省略；若出現兩個或兩個以上的that賓語從句,且由並列連詞連 接時,只有第壹個連詞that可以省去,其余保留.如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上寫著,它過去是演戲用的.
He thought that that was a washing machine. 他認為那是壹臺洗衣機.
My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 我姑姑說她要來,還要帶她的女兒來.
2. 當賓語從句由壹般疑問句變化而來時,用if或whether來引導從句,意為“是否”.如：
Alice wanted to know if / whether her grandmother liked the bag. 艾麗斯想知道她祖母是否喜歡這個包.
在下列幾種情況下,只能用whether, 不能用if:
● 當or not 緊隨連詞之後時.如：
I don't know whether or not he will come on time. 我不知道他能否按時來.
● 從句用作介詞賓語時.如：
I am interested in whether he joined the army. 我對他是否入伍很感興趣.
● 在帶to的動詞不定式前.如：
She doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. 她不知道是去看電影還是在家看電視.
● 當賓語從句移至句首表強調時.如：
Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure. 這是否真實,我不敢肯定.
3. 賓語從句具有特殊疑問含義時用連接代（副）詞引導,它們在賓語從句中充當壹定成分,因此不能省略.如：
Did you hear what he said? 妳聽見他說的話了嗎?（作賓語）
I don't know whose that is. 我不知道那是誰的.（作表語）
Could you tell me how I get to the post office? 妳能告訴我到郵局怎麽走嗎?（作狀語）
焦點二：賓語從句的語序
無論賓語從句的主句是陳述句還是疑問句,也無論主從句間是什麽引導詞,賓語從句壹律用陳述語序,即“引導詞+主語+謂語+其它”.如：
Could you tell me? / Where does Wei Fang live?
→Could you tell me where Wei Fang lives?
● 當疑問代詞who, what等在從句中作主語時,語序本來就是陳述語序,故語序不再變化.如：
Who will give us a talk? Please tell us.
→Please tell us who will give us a talk.
焦點三：賓語從句的時態
● 如果主句是祈使句或主句中的謂語動詞是壹般現在時或將來時,則賓語從句可根據句意的需要而選用任何壹種時態；若主句是壹般過去時 ,賓語從句用表示過去的某種時態.
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他說他想盡快見到他.
My father said that he was mending his bike. 我父親說他正在修理自行車.
● 如果賓語從句表示客觀真理、科學原理、自然現象、現階段存在的客觀事實、現在經常性或習慣性的動作、諺語、格言等,不論主句用何 種時態,從句壹律用壹般現在時.如：
The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 老師告訴我們光比聲音傳播快.
He said time is money. 他說時間就是金錢.
焦點四：賓語從句的簡化
1. 當主句謂語動詞是hope, agree, choose, wish, decide 等,其後用that引導的賓語從句,若主從句主語相同時,從句可簡化為不定式結 構.如：
He agreed that he could help me with my English. → He agreed to help me with my English.
2． 當主句謂語動詞為see, hear, watch, find等詞時,其後that賓語從句常簡化為“賓語+賓語補定語”結構,賓補多為不帶to的不定式或 動詞的現在分詞.如：
I heard that she sang some songs in the next room. → I heard her sing some songs in the next room.
3． 由特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句,若從句的主語與主句的主語或間接賓語相壹致時,可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結構.如：
I don't know what I should do. → I don't know what to do.
Can you tell me how I get to the hospital? → Can you tell me how to get to the hospital?
焦點五：賓語從句的否定轉移
當主句謂語動詞為think, suppose, guess, believe等詞時,並且主語為第壹人稱時,從句的否定詞應轉移到主句謂語動詞上來.如：
I don't believe that he will come tomorrow. 我相信他明天不會來.
好的話多給點分 不好的話權當娛樂了