1. 諺語、格言(proverb),警句(sentence idiom)
英語諺語常有縮寫形式,類似漢語的歇後語。例如:
Proverbs are children of experience.
諺語是經驗的產物。
It’ s no use crying over spilt milk.
倒翻牛奶,哭也沒用。縮寫形式:Cry over spilt milk. 含義:覆水難收。
2. 俚語(slang)
俚語為某些人群和地區所特有,適用範圍有嚴格限制,使用時要註意其場合。例如:
screw up 弄糟、壹塌胡塗
He screwed the whole thing up from start to finish. 他自始至終壹塌胡塗。
Pay off 賄賂
chat up 與異性搭訕
3. 口語(colloquial)。例如:
snake in the grass 暗箭
hit below the belt \ stab in the back 暗箭傷人
cut the ground from under sb. 在某人背後搞鬼
4. 成對詞(twin words, irreversible binomials 或 words in pairs)。例如:
beer and skittles 吃喝玩樂
wax and wane 盛衰
weal and woe禍福
5. 三詞詞組(trinomials)
有些固定的三詞詞組也被歸為成語,因為它們大都也是壹些固定的講法。例如:
sun, moon and stars 日月星
on land, on sea, and in the sky 海陸空
Eat, drink and be merry. 及時行樂
Wine, woman, and song. 吃喝玩樂