世界上的第壹個父親節，1910 年誕生在美國。
人們在慶祝母親節的同時，並沒有忘記父親的功績。1909年就開始有入建議確定父親節。據說第壹個提出這種建議的是華盛頓的約翰?布魯斯?多德夫人。多德夫人的母親早亡，其父獨自壹人承擔起撫養教育孩子的重任，把他們全部培養成人。1909年，多德夫人感念父親養育之恩，準備為他舉行慶祝活動，同時，想到所有的父親對家庭和社會的貢獻，於是給當地壹家教士協會寫信，建議把6月的第三個星期日定為父親節。該協會將建議提交會員討論，獲得了通過。1910年6月，人們便在此慶祝了第壹個父親節。
當時，凡是父親已故的人都佩戴壹朵白玫瑰，父親在世的人則佩戴紅玫瑰。這種習俗壹直流傳至今。但是開始時父親節的日期各不相同，而且有的地方用蒲公英作為父親節的象征，有的地方則用襯有壹片綠葉的白丁香作為父親節的象征。直到1934年6月，美國國會才統壹規定6月的第三個星期日為父親節。
後來，全世界有二十多個國家通過教堂儀式、送卡和禮物來紀念父親節。每年全美國要在五千六百萬令人尊敬的父親們身上花去十多億美元禮品費，但在禮品的種類上除了領帶和雪茄煙外其它東西很少。很多人認為給父親買禮物最難。其實有很多有趣的、合適的禮物是會令父親們開心的。
Father's Day
(Third Sunday in June)
The United States is one of the few countries in the world that has an official day on which fathers are honored by their children. On the third Sunday in June, fathers all across the United States are given presents, treated to dinner or otherwise made to feel special. .
The origin of Father’s Day is not clear. Some say that it began with a church service in West Virginia in 1908. Others say the first Father’s Day ceremony was held in Vancouver, Washington.
The president of the Chicago branch of the Lions’ Club, Harry Meek, is said to have celebrated the first Father’s Day with his organization in 1915; and the day that they chose was the third Sunday in June, the closest date to Meek’s own birthday!
Regardless of when the first true Father’s Day occurred, the strongest promoter of the holiday was Mrs. Bruce John Dodd of Spokane, Washington. Mrs. Dodd felt that she had an outstanding father. He was a veteran of the Civil War. His wife had died young, and he had raised six children without their mother.
In 1909, Mrs. Dodd approached her own minister and others in Spokane about having a church service dedicated to fathers on June 5, her father’s birthday. That date was too soon for her minister to prepare the service, so he spoke a few weeks later on June 19th. From then on, the state of Washington celebrated the third Sunday in June as Father’s Day. Children made special desserts, or visited their fathers if they lived apart.
States and organizations began lobbying Congress to declare an annual Father’s Day. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson approved of this idea, but it was not until 1924 when President Calvin Coolidge made it a national event to "establish more intimate relations between fathers and their children and to impress upon fathers the full measure of their obligations." Since then, fathers had been honored and recognized by their families throughout the country on the third Sunday in June.
When children can’t visit their fathers or take them out to dinner, they send a greeting card. Traditionally, fathers prefer greeting cards that are not too sentimental. Most greeting cards are whimsical so fathers laugh when they open them. Some give heartfelt thanks for being there whenever the child needed Dad.
隨便與約束
歐洲人比較死板，喜歡拘泥於細節，德國人和英國人在這方面表現得特別突出。美國人則不然，待人處事上表現得靈活隨便。幾乎每個英國紳士都知道他們應該怎樣做才不失紳士風度；而美國人，盡管有關禮儀的書充斥於市，卻很少在禮節和習俗上統壹起來。除了在上層社交場合，美國的普通民眾在社會交往中大多擺脫了種種不利於人們接近的等級性清規戒律。
美國人的這種待人接物態度反映了他們的思想觀念。在美國人看來，禮貌規範是由人制訂出來的，它們不應該成為限制人的僵硬模式。因此，在美國，沒有法庭制訂社會禮節，也沒有上層階級強行規定執行這類禮節。各種社會禮節主要按照人們的生性習慣去落實在行動上。
由於美國人在行為舉止上較少約束自己，他們在許多方面都表現得很隨便。他們說話隨便，衣著隨便，吃東西隨便，對人的態度也隨便。不了解他們的人以為美國人放縱粗魯，不成體統，上，這是美國人的隨便習性。反映在英語語言使用上，美國人對它的“為我所用”態度，常地些墨守成規的老派文人痛心疾首；而那些廣泛地滸於民間的不規則表達法，更使不少語法學家徒嘆無奈。至於語言中含蓄地表現社會等級觀念的詞語，美國人常常不屑壹顧，置之不理。
也可能由於美國人對清規戒律缺乏重視，他們的紀律觀念比較淡薄，這常使行政官員和執行紀律的人感到頭痛。有壹種說法，說是英國人認為遵守規章是種樂趣，而美國人則把強硬要求他遵守某種規定看作是對他的不敬、甚至侮辱。美國黨校裏，學生紀律松散；美國家庭裏，父母管教孩子不嚴；美國軍隊裏，士兵自由散漫更是遠近聞名。
令人驚訝的是，美國的教育還算成功，美國的孩子長大後大多成為好父母、好公民，美國的軍隊也偶爾能打些勝仗。這種看似矛盾的現象也許可以這樣解釋：美國人熱愛自由，不願被人強行控制，然而在真正行使自由權利時，他們仍受法律觀念約束，有分寸地在自己的權限範圍內“自由瀟灑”。
事實上，盡管美國人表面上辦事滿不在乎，不尊重法律，但實際上，美國人是極其崇尚法治的。世界上沒有哪壹個國家象美國那樣下功夫研究法律，也沒有哪壹個國家的律師象美國那樣在政治和日常生活中起如此重要的作用。美國人可以無所顧忌地用粗話批評總統和國會，但對最高法院卻以敬畏的精神相待。這也許是美國人在隨便與約束上保持平衡、弛張相宜的最好例證。
個人主義與合作精神
說起個人主義，人們很容易想到利欲薰心、唯利是圖的資產階級倫理價值觀，尤其是像美國這種典型的資本主義國愛。其實，英文裏的個人主義（individualism）在美國有兩層意思。第壹層是它的積極意義，指的是個人自我獨立、自我奮鬥、自己掌握自己命運的執著精神。這層意義上的個人主義常與這樣的美國人形象相聯系：他是壹個勇敢堅強的拓荒者，向荒野遷移，與蠻夷作伴，用自己的智慧和力量獨辟蹊徑，鋪設成功之路，他所做的壹切充滿著創業精神和獨特活力。第二層是它的消極意義，指的是個人為了追求自己的利益，置他人利益和公***利益於不顧，瘋狂索取，貪得無厭。這層意義上的個人主義常與這樣的美國人形象相聯系：他是壹個自私自利的投機分子，為了滿足個人的種種欲望，不擇手段、不顧壹切地從社會和大自然中攫取有用之物，對社會福利和自然環境冷談麻木，漠不關心。可以這麽講，個人主義的這兩層意思是該詞內涵所不可分割的壹個整體，如同壹枚硬幣有其正反兩面壹樣。
從好的角度說，個人主義有利於創業精神的弘揚，它給人以機會，賦予自由，鼓勵多樣性，從而推動和促進了美國的工業、農業、科技、教育、娛樂和體育的發展。從壞的角度來講，個人主義的無節制膨脹給大自然造成了很大的破壞，也給社會中的人際關系抹上了壹層厚厚的冷霜。許多人在冷酷的個人主義的競爭、擠壓下，或生活潦倒、心灰意懶，或人性扭曲、憤世嫉俗。因此，從個人主義的積極、消極兩方面因素來看，問題的關鍵是如何抑惡揚善，而這也是美國文化中始終沒有妥善解決的“難結”。
不過，令人值得我味的是，美國人雖然個人主義強盛，但他們也很願意合作。可以這麽講，除英國之外，西文國家中沒有哪個國家象美國人那樣願意為某種***同的目的而自願聯合起來；沒有哪個國家私人的聯合會有美國那樣多和那樣卓有成效。
在歐洲大陸，建立壹個教會、壹所學院、壹座醫院、壹個慈善機關，往往費時費勁，困難重重。但在美國，只要個人或團體有興趣就可以輕易地建立這類機構。於是，各種各樣的紛紛成立――樂施行善的、繁榮商業的組織、影響政治的組織、收集歷史資料的組織、規劃未來的組織、研究文化的組織、擁有槍支的組織等等，不壹而足。幾乎社會上的每個人都有自己的組織：學校裏的男女孩子，商人和學者，朋友和領居，老移民和新移民，素食者和戒酒者，集郵愛好者，心臟病患者等，統統都有自己的組織。這種現象說明，人們在追求個性發展的同時，仍註重團體組織的建設，以保證社會能有秩序和穩定，使個人利益和集體利益之間達到壹定程度的平衡。
Casual and Constraints
Europeans relatively rigid, like dwell on details, the Germans and the British in this regard was particularly prominent. Americans are not, treat people behave flexibly dealing with such matters lightly. Almost every English gentleman knows how to do it they should not lose gentleman; while the Americans, even though the etiquette books filled in the city, but rarely in the etiquette and custom unified. In addition to the upper social occasions, the United States, ordinary people are mostly in social interaction is not conducive to people from various levels of rules and prohibitions in close proximity.
This interpersonal attitude of the Americans reflects their ideas. The Americans, the polite norms are worked out by people, they should not be restrictions on people's rigid model. Thus, in the United States without a court the formulation of social etiquette, nor to dictate the implementation of such upper-class etiquette. All kinds of social etiquette primarily used in accordance with people's natural disposition to implement the action.
As the Americans on the lower bound by their own behavior, they have performed in many ways, very casually. They talk casually, dress casually and to eat lightly on the people's casual attitude. People think that Americans do not understand that their indulgence rude, Buchengtitong,, this is casual habits of Americans. Is reflected in the English language use, the Americans it's "for our own use" attitude, often in some old-fashioned literary bitter legalistic; while those wide irregular Hu Yu folk expressions, but also quite a number of grammarians and regretful helpless. As for the language, implicitly, the performance of the social hierarchy of the words, Americans are often dismissive of
Ignored.
Americans may also be due to the lack of attention to the rules and prohibitions, and their discipline is rather weak, which often allow the executive officials and discipline were a headache. There is a saying that the British believe that compliance with regulations is a species of pleasure, while Americans put the firm asked him to comply with certain requirements as to his disrespectful, even insulting. The United States Party, the loose discipline of students; U.S. families, the parents raise the children loose; U.S. army soldiers, it is well known for lax.
Surprisingly, the U.S. education successfully, the United States, most children grow up to be good parents, good citizens, the U.S. military forces can play some occasional victories. This seemingly contradictory phenomenon may be interpreted in this way: Americans love freedom, unwilling to be forcibly took control, but a genuine exercise of the rights and freedoms, they are still bound by legal concepts, there are measured in their own within the purview of "freedom natural and unrestrained. "
In fact, while Americans, on the surface of things not care and does not respect the law, but in fact, Americans are extremely upholding the rule of law. No country in the world like the United States, as efforts to study law, there is no a single country like the United States attorney, as in politics and everyday life from such an important role. Americans can not bashful about criticizing the president and Congress to use foul language, but the Supreme Court was to treat the spirit of awe. This may be casual and constraints on the Americans to maintain a balance, the best example of affordable relaxation.
Individualism and the spirit of cooperation
Speaking of individualism, it is easy to think of acquisitiveness Xunxin, mercenary bourgeois ethical values, particularly as the United States love this classic capitalist country. In fact, the English language of individualism (individualism) in the United States has two meanings. The first layer is its positive meaning, refers to an individual self-contained, self-struggle, their dedication to master their own destiny. This sense of individualism often associated with images such as the Americans tied: he is a strong courageous pioneer migration to the wilderness, and barbarians companion, with their own wisdom and strength of its way to laying the road to success,
Everything he did was full of entrepreneurial spirit and a unique vitality. The second is its negative meaning, refers to an individual in order to pursue their own interests, and placing the interests of others and public interest expense, crazy obtained from greed. This sense of individualism often associated with images such as the Americans tied: he is a selfish opportunists, in order to meet the various desires of individuals, unscrupulous, desperate to grab from the society and the nature of the materials useful for social welfare and the natural environment frigid numbness, indifference. So to say that these two meanings of individualism is the connotation of the word an integral whole, as a coin has its pros and cons of the same.
The good point of view, individualism is conducive to entrepreneurship promotion, which gives the opportunity to give freedom, encourage diversity, so as to promote and facilitate the U.S. industry, agriculture, science and technology, education, entertainment and sports development. From a negative perspective, the individualistic nature of the unrestrained expansion to cause a great deal of damage, but also to interpersonal relationships in society has cast a thick layer of cold cream. Many people in the cold individualistic competition, squeezed, or living down and out, discouraged, or human distortions, cynical. Therefore, from the individualism of the active and passive, two factors point of view,
The key question is how to promote good or evil, which is also the American culture has not properly resolve the "difficult to knot."
However, it is worthy of my taste, the Americans although the individualism strong, but they are also willing to cooperate. , So to speak, in addition to English, the Western countries, no country like the United States, as a common goal and are willing to voluntarily join together; no country is a federation of private sector as much as the United States, and so fruitful.
In continental Europe, the establishment of a church, a college, a hospital, a charitable body, often time-consuming and laborious and difficult. However, in the United States, as long as individuals or groups who are interested can easily create such institutions. As a result, have set up a variety of - the implementation of good fun, the prosperity of business organization, to influence political organization, to collect historical data organization, planning for the future of the organization, research culture of the organization, with gun organizations, etc., not an adequate one. Almost everyone in society has its own organization: the school's boys and girls, businessmen and academics, friends, and collar ranks, the old immigrants and new immigrants,
Vegetarians and alcohol who philatelists, heart disease, etc. As such, all have their own organization. This phenomenon indicates that people in the pursuit of personal development and still pay attention to the building society organizations to ensure that the community can have order and stability, so that between the individual interests and collective interests to achieve a certain degree of balance.
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