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解釋定語從句 , 賓語從句 ,謂語從句 , 與詳細越好,我覺得好就加錢

主語從句 即壹個句子作主語 如:what he said is true. what he said是壹個句子 具備最短的句子所應有的主語(he)和謂語動詞(said)。又應有what引導詞 所以做從句,又Is 是大句子中的謂語動詞,在主句中,所以 其前的成分為主語,主語是壹個句子,叫做主語從句。

賓語從句和主語從句同理,事不過賓語從句是在謂語動詞後的句子,謂語後的成分是賓語。如: He said that the girl is beautiful. that the girl is beautiful為賓語從句,做動詞said後的賓語。

表語從句依然如此,只是動詞為系動詞或感官動詞,動詞後為表語從句。如:He is who I am looking for. who I am looking for. 為表語從句,做系動詞is的表語。

前幾種句子均為名詞性從句,引導詞指人用who whose whom,指物用which,what。其中which有範圍 what沒範圍。連接副詞有:when where why how四種。如:I don't know where he is going.(賓從)

定語從句為形容詞性從句,即壹個句子像壹個形容詞,修飾壹個名詞或代詞,而被修飾的詞在句子前面,叫做先行詞。 如:The girl who wears a red coat is my classmate. 其中who wears a red coat 是定語從句,修飾the girl, 所以the girl為先行詞,主句為The girl is my classmate。 定語從句引導詞 指人和名詞性從句相同,who whose whom;指物只用which,沒有what;that 即指人又指物。關系副詞沒有how 即 when,where,why.如: The year when I arrived there is 2000. (when I arrived there為從句)

狀語從句考點比較簡單,記住他引導詞的意思就行了,如時間是when while等,地點是where wherever,原因是why 結果because等就可以了

英語主謂賓表定狀補成分精簡講解

壹.主語:

主語(subject) 是壹個句子的主題( theme), 是句子所述說的主體。它的位置壹般在壹句之首。可用作主語的有單詞、短語、從句乃至句子。

1.名詞作主語。

A tree has fallen across the road. (倒下橫在)

Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。)

2.代詞用作主語。

You’re not far wrong. (妳差不多對了)。

He told a joke but it fell flat. (他說了個笑話,但沒有引人發笑)

3.數詞用作主語。

Three is enough. 三個就夠了。

Four from seven leaves three. 7減4余3。

4.名詞化的形容詞用作主語。

The idle are forced to work. 懶漢被迫勞動。

Old and young marched side by side. 老少並肩而行。

5.副詞用作主語。

Now is the time. 現在是時候了。 Carefully does it. 小心就行。

6.名詞化的介詞作主語。

The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.

7.不定式用作主語。

To find your way can be a problem.妳能否找到路可能是壹個問題。

It would be nice to see him again.

8.動名詞用作主語。

Smoking is bad for you. Watching a film is pleasure,but making one is hard work.

9.名詞化的過去分詞用作主語。

The disabled are to receive more money. The deceased died of old age.

10. 介詞短語用作主語。

To Beijing is not very far. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.

11. 從句用作主語。

Whenever you are ready will be fine.

Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to.

12. 句子用作主語。

"How do you do ?" is a greeting. “妳好”是壹句問候語。

二.謂語

謂語(predicate) 或謂語動詞(predicate verb) 的位置壹般在主語之後。

謂語由簡單動詞或動詞短語(助動詞或情態動詞+主要動詞)構成。

1.由簡單的動詞構成。

(1). What happened? 發生了什麽事?

(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦幹了壹天。

(3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飛機是十點起飛的。

2.由動詞短語構成的謂語。

(1). I am reading. 我在看書。

(2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 這半天妳在幹什麽來著?

(3). You can do it if you try hard. 妳努力就可以做到。

3.英語常用某些動作名詞代替表動態的謂語動詞,表生動。

這種動作名詞之前常用沒有多大意義的動詞have, get, take, give 等。如:

(1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天遊了壹次水

(2). Take a look at that! 妳看看那個!(

(3). He gave a sigh. 他嘆了口氣。

(4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震動。

三.表語

表語的功能是表述主語的特征、狀態、身份等。它也可以說是壹種主語補語。它位於聯系動詞之後,與之構成所謂的系表結構。在系表結構中,聯系動詞只是形式上的謂語,真正起謂語作用的則是表語。

可以作表語的詞有:名詞、代詞、數詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語、從句等。

1.The wedding was that Sunday. 婚禮是在那個星期天舉行的。(名詞)

2.So that’s that. 就是這樣。(代詞)

3.We are seven. 我們壹***7人。(數詞)

4.Are you busy? 妳有空嗎?(形容詞)

5.Are you there? 妳在聽嗎?(電話用語)(副詞)

Is anybody in? 裏面有人嗎? (副詞)

6.All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。(不定式)

My answer to his threat(威脅) was to hit him on the nose. (不定式)

7.Complimenting(贊美,祝賀) is lying. 恭維就是說謊。(動名詞)

Is that asking so much? 這是要的高了嗎?(動名詞)

8.I was so much surprised at it. 我對此事感到很驚訝。(過分)

I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我對他所做的很滿意。(過分)

9.She is in good health. 她很健康。(介詞短語)

The show is from seven till ten. 演出時間為7點至10點。(介詞短語)

10.Is that why you were angry? 這就是妳發怒的原因嗎?(從句)

11.This is where I first met her. 這就是我初次與她會面的地方。(從句)

補充:

能做系動詞的實義動詞:

come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表變化的動詞)

fell,sound ,smell , look , taste (感觀動詞) seem, appear (似乎,好像)

1.Our dream has come true. 我的夢想實現了。(Come後常加 easy ,loose natural 等)

2. He fell sick. 他病了。Keep fit.保重。

keep作為系動詞還常接quiet ,calm ,cool, well, warm ,silent,clean,dry

3.The well ran dry. 這口井幹枯了。(short , loose , wild , cold 等)

4.A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.

四.賓語

賓語(object)在句中主要充當動作的承受者,因此壹般皆置於及物動詞之後。如:

Our team beat all the others. 我們的球隊打敗了所有其他球隊。

可以用作賓語的有:名詞、代詞、數詞、名詞化的形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的分詞、從句等。

1.Do you fancy a drink? 妳想喝壹杯嗎?(名詞)

2.They won’t hurt us. 他們不會傷害我們。(代詞)

3.If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等於10。(數詞)。

4.I shall do my possible. 我將盡力而為。(名詞化形容詞)

5.He left there last week. 他上個星期離開了那裏。(副詞)

6.Does she really mean to leave home? 她真的要離開家嗎?(不定式)

7.He never did the unexpected(想不到的,意外的). (名詞化的分詞)

8.Do you understand what I mean? 妳明白我的意思嗎?(從句)

擴展: 雙賓語問題

賓語中有些動詞需要兩個同等的賓語,即直接賓語(direct object)與間接賓語(indirect object)。

直接賓語壹般指動作的承受者,間接賓語指動作所向的或所為的人和物(多指人)。

具有這種雙賓語的及物動詞叫做與格動詞(dative verb)。間接賓語壹般須與直接賓語連用,通常放在直接賓語之前。

常用的有:answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等。

如:Give me a cup of tea, please. I bought him a birthday present.

I have found him a place. 我給他找到了壹個職位。

雙賓語可以由介詞to或for表達:

Please give it to him. Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.

五.補語

補語(complement)是壹種補足主語和賓語的意義的句子成分。補足主語意義的句子成分叫做主語補語(subject complement),補足賓語意義的句子成分叫做賓語補語(object complement).

(1). 形容詞用作主語補語是常置於主語之前,後有逗號。

Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.

有時可以置於主語之後,前後都有逗號,與非限定性定語相似。如:

The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings.

(2).可以用做賓語補語的有名詞、形容詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語等

1.They named the child Jimmy. 他們將孩子命名為吉米。(名詞用作並與補語)

2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. (名詞短語作賓語補語)

3. He boiled the egg hard. 她將雞蛋煮老了。(形容詞用作賓語補語)

3.I found the book very interesting.我發現那本書很有趣。(形容詞短語用作賓補)

4.The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. (不定式用作賓語補語)

5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把這個叫做拆東墻補西墻。(動名作賓補

6.Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是當然的事。

六.定語

定語是用來說明名詞(代詞)的品質與特征的詞或壹組詞。可用作定語的有:形容詞、名詞、代詞、數詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語、從句和句子等。

1.形容詞用作定語是大量的。

(1). She is a natural musician. (2). He must be the best violinist alive.(後置定語)

2. 名詞用作定語。

(1). A baby girl 女嬰 (2). well water 井水

(3). Sports car 雙座輕型汽車

2.代詞作定語。

(1). Your hair needs cutting. (物主代詞用作定語)

(2). Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. (不定代詞所有格作定語)

3.數詞作定語

(1). There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有壹法。

(2). Do it now, you may not get a second chance.

基數詞用作後置定語: page 24 , Room 201 , the year 1949

4. 副詞充當定語時常後置,如:

the room above 樓上的房間 the world today 今日世界

the way out 出路 a day off 休息日

5.不定式用作定語

(1). Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘記了答應寫信的事。

(2). That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。

6.動名詞用作定語.

A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠藥

eating implements 吃飯用具 learning method 學習方法

7.分詞充當定語

a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者

a retired worker 壹個退休工人 a faded flower 壹朵謝了的花

7.介詞短語用作定語。

(1). This is a map of China. 這是壹幅中國地圖。

(2). The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words.

8.從句用作定語,即定語從句

The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的車是我的。

Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.

七.同位語

當兩個指同壹事物的句子成分放在同等位置時,壹個句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另壹個句子成分,前者就叫做後者的同位語(appositive).這兩個句子成分多由名詞(代詞)擔任,同位語通常皆放在其說明的名詞(代詞)之後。

1.名詞用作同位語是大量的。

(1). We have two children, a boy and a girl.

(2).We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful country.

2.代詞用作同位語。

(1).They all wanted to see him. (2).Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver.

3.數詞用作同位語。

(1).Are you two ready? (2).They two went, we three stayed behind.

4.不定式與動名詞用作同位語。

(1).Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.(2).The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.

5.Of 短語用作同位語

The city of Rome 羅馬城 the art of writing 寫作藝術 The vice of smoking 吸煙嗜好

6.從句用同位語,即同位語從句

(1).The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.

(2).We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.

八.狀語

狀語(adverbial)是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞以及全句的句子成分。。如:

1.The girl is improving remarkably. 這個女孩大有進步。

2.作狀語的有副詞、名詞、代詞、數詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語、從句等。

副詞最常用作狀語,位置比較靈活,可置句末、句首和句中。

He speaks the language badly but read it well.

Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.

3.按用途分時間、地點、方式、原因、結果、目的、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨等

(1)。時間狀語,多位於句末和句首,有時亦可置於句中

Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow? Now China leads the world.

(2).地點狀語,多置於句末,有時也位於句首和句中。

There are plenty of fish in the sea. She kissed her mother on the platform(月臺).

(3).原因狀語,包括表理由的狀語,多置於句末,有時亦可置於句首。

Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job. I eat potatoes because I like them.

(4). 結果狀語,多由不定式、分詞和從句表示,常位於句末。

She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.

She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.

(5). 目的狀語,多由不定式、介詞短語和從句等表示,常位於句末,強調時可以置於句首。

He ran for shelter(隱蔽處). In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.

(6). 條件狀語。多由短語和從句表示,常置於句末和句首。

We’ll be lucky to get there before dark.

If he were to come, what should we say to him?

(7). 讓步狀語,由短語和從句表示,常置於句末和句首。

For all his money, he didn’t seem happy. He helped me although he didn’t know me.

(8). 程度狀語。常由副詞、介詞短語及從句等表示。

The lecture is very interesting. To what extent would you trust them? 程度

(9).伴隨狀語,常由短語和獨立主格等表示。對位於句末和句首。

My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten.

He stood there pipe(煙鬥) in mouth.