壹?1?0 依照慣用法, agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand和arrange等及物動詞後面常接動詞不定式作賓語?1?7例如:
What did they decide to do? 他們決定幹什麽?
She failed to come to school yesterday. 她昨天沒來上學?1?7
I hope to be back soon. 我希望早點回家?1?7
二?1?0 依照慣用法, finish, enjoy, mind, keep, miss, avoid, consider, imagine, practise, delay, escape, excuse, allow, suggest等及物動詞後面常接動名詞作賓語?1?7例如:
We can finish building the bridge before the end of next month. 我們可以在下個月底之前建好這座橋?1?7
Would you mind opening the window? 請您開壹下窗戶,好嗎?
三?1?0 依照慣用法, prefer, hate, begin, start, continue, cease等及物動詞後面跟動詞不定式與跟動名詞作賓語,意義上沒有多大的差別?1?7例如:
After the teacher left the classroom, the students began to do/doing their homework. 老師離開教室後,學生們開始做作業?1?7
They continued to read/reading English. 他們繼續讀英語?1?7
但在下列情況下,宜用動詞不定式作賓語,而不用動名詞?1?7
1. like, love, prefer, hate等與would或should連用時?1?7例如:
I’d prefer to stay home to watch TV. 我寧可呆在家裏看電視?1?7
2. begin, start, continue等本身用的是進行體時?1?7例如:
She was starting to do her homework. 她開始做作業?1?7
3. begin, start, cease, continue的主語是物而不是人時?1?7例如:
It began/started to rain. 天開始下雨?1?7
The ice ceased to melt(融化) in winter. 冬季冰不再融化?1?7
4. begin等及物動詞後接know, understand, realize等表示心理狀態的動詞?1?7例如:
They began to realize the importance of learning a foreign language well. 他們開始意識到學好壹門外語的重要性?1?7
四?1?0 下列動詞後面既可接動詞不定式作賓語,也可接動名詞作賓語,但兩種結構的意義有區別:
1. remember, forget, regret等後接動詞不定式作賓語時,說明動詞不定式表示的動作發生在後, remember等動詞表示的動作發生在前;這些動詞後接動名詞作賓語時,說明動名詞表示的動作發生在前, remember等動詞表示的動作發生在後?1?7試比較:
She told me to go and lock the door. She didn’t remember locking the door after supper. 她叫我去鎖門,她不記得晚飯後鎖過門了?1?7
Remember to turn off all the lights when you leave the classroom. 妳離開教室時,別忘記把所有的燈關掉?1?7
2. try, mean, can’t help, go on等動詞後接動詞不定式和動名詞時,意義有明顯的差別:
1) try後面的動詞不定式是作目的狀語, try to do sth意為“盡力做某事”; try後面的動名詞是作賓語, try doing sth意為“嘗試做某事”?1?7例如:
He tried not to be late for the meeting. 他爭取開會不遲到?1?7
The soup is a little salty. Try adding some water to it. 湯鹹了點,加點水試試看?1?7
2) mean後面的動詞不定式和動名詞都是作賓語?1?7 mean to do sth意為“打算(意圖)做某事”; mean doing sth意為“意味著做某事”?1?7例如:
They didn’t mean to go and help you. 他們不打算去幫助妳們?1?7
His words meant going to help you without delay. 他的話意味著他將毫不遲疑地前去幫助妳們?1?7
3) help後面的動詞不定式和動名詞都是作賓語?1?7 can’t help to do sth意為“不能幫忙做某事”; can’t help doing sth意為“禁不住去做某事,情不自禁地做某事”?1?7例如:
I’m sorry I can’t help to clean the room. 對不起,我不能幫助打掃房間?1?7
They couldn’t help laughing when they heard the joke. 聽到這個笑話,他們不禁大笑起來?1?7
4) go on後面的動詞不定式是作目的狀語?1?7 go on to do sth意為“接下去做另壹件事”; go on後面的動名詞是作賓語?1?7 go on doing sth意為“繼續做同壹件事”?1?7例如:
They went on to do some exercises after reading the text. 讀完課文後,他們接著做練習?1?7
We went on doing our homework after he left. 他走後我們繼續做作業?1?7
五?1?0 need, want, require等動詞後面跟動名詞的主動形式和跟動詞不定式的被動式,都表示被動意義?1?7試比較:
Your house needs repairing/to be repaired. 妳的房子需要維修?1?7
The problem requires solving/to be solved immediately. 這個問題需要立即予以解決?1?7
六?1?0 stop之後的動名詞為賓語, stop之後的動詞不定式為目的狀語?1?7試比較:
We stopped working. 我們停止工作?1?7
We stopped to have a rest. 我們停下來休息壹下?1?7
When it began to rain, we stopped working to have a rest. 天開始下雨,我們停止工作,休息壹下?1?7